| Trial |
Study, Year (Reference) |
Patients, n |
Treatment |
Setting |
Population, % |
BMI, kg/m2 |
Gestational Age at Screening, wk |
Screening Test Used |
Quality Rating |
| Treated vs. untreated |
Crowther et al., 2005 16 |
1,000 |
Treatment of mild gestational diabetes vs. no treatment |
Australia, United Kingdom |
White: 75
Asian: 16
Other: 8 |
Intervention group: 26.8 (23.3–31.2) b Control group: 26.0 (22.9–30.9) b |
Intervention group: 29.1 (28.2–30.0) b Control group: 29.2 (28.2–30.0) b |
Step 1: Risk factors or 50-g GCT (> 7.8 mmol/L) 1-h cutoff (93% were positive on 50-g test)
Step 2: 75-g OGTT: 1) fasting glucose value < 7.8 mmol/L and 2) 2-h glucose value, 7.8–11.0 mmol/L |
Good |
| O'Sullivan et al., 1966 22 |
943 |
Treatment of screening-positive patients vs. no treatment of screening-positive patients vs. no treatment of screening-negative participants |
Boston |
NR |
> 20% over ideal body weight Intervention group: 27.7
Control group: 30.5 |
NR |
Step 1: 50-g GCT; whole-blood glucose value > 130 mg/dL
Step 2: 100-g OGTT with > 2 abnormal glucose values |
Fair |
| Treatment comparisons |
Langer et al., 2000, 2005 19,20 |
404 |
Glyburide vs. insulin treatment |
San Antonio, Texas |
Hispanic: 83
White: 12
Black: 5 |
> 27.3 before pregnancy:
Insulin group, n (%): 141 (70)
Glyburide group, n (%): 132 (65) |
Mean: Insulin group: 24 (SD, 7) Glyburide group: 25 (SD, 7) |
Step 1: 50-g GCT result > 130 mg/dL
Step 2: 100-g OGTT with > 2 abnormal glucose values by Carpenter and Coustan criteria |
Good |
| Bancroft et al., 2000 15 |
68 |
Diet plus intensive glucose monitoring vs. diet plus standard clinic glucose monitoring |
United Kingdom |
Asian: 31
White: 69 |
Mean: Diet plus intensive monitoring group: 32.2 (SD, 6.7)
Diet plus standard monitoring group: 27.5 (SD, 6.1) |
Median (range): Diet plus intensive monitoring group: 31 (24–38)
Diet plus standard
monitoring group: 32 (15–37) |
75-g OGTT with fasting glucose value < 7.0 mmol/L and 2-h glucose value of 7.8–11.0 mmol/L
GTT done at the discretion of individual clinicians |
Fair |
| Jovanovic et al., 1999 18 |
42 |
NPH plus lispro insulin vs. NPH plus regular insulin |
California |
Hispanic:
Lispro group: 89
Regular insulin group: 100) |
Mean (+SE):
Lispro group: 31.5 + 1.1
Regular insulin group: 33.3 + 1.2 (P = NS) |
Mean (+SE) at enrollment: Lispro group: 27.3 + 1.4 Regular insulin group: 25.+ 6 1.3 (P > 0.05) |
NDDG criteria (2-step 50-g GCT, then 100-g OGTT) |
Fair |
| Nachum et al., 1999 21 |
274 |
4-times-daily insulin vs. 2-times-daily insulin |
Israel |
Jewish: 4-times-daily group: 57 2-times-daily group: 55 |
4-times-daily group: 27.9 (SD, 2.6)
2-times-daily group: 27.8 (SD, 2.7) |
At diagnosis: 4-times-daily group: 25.9 (SD, 2.6) 2-times-daily group: 26.3 (SD, 7.2) Initiated treatment: 4-times-daily group: 27.4 (SD, 6.8) 2-times-daily group: 28.0 (SD, 6.9) |
100-g OGTT with > 2 serum glucose values > 5.9, 10.6, 9.2, 8.1 mmol/L at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h, respectively |
Fair |
| de Veciana et al., 1995 17 |
66 |
Preprandial vs. postprandial monitoring of glucose to inform treatment decisions |
California |
Hispanic: 85
White: 11
Black/Asian: 5 |
Preprandial group: 29.0 (SD, 3.2)
Postprandial group: 28.4 (SD, 3.8)
(P = NS) |
At diagnosis: Preprandial group: 22.9 (SD, 7.5) Postprandial group: 21.8 (SD, 6.5) (P = NS) Initiated treatment: Preprandial group: 24.3 (SD, 5.2) Postprandial group: 25.1 (SD, 5.1) (P = NS) |
Step 1: 1-hour 50-g GCT value > 140 mg/dL but < 190 mg/dL; patients with glucose value > 190 mg/dL started insulin immediately
Step 2: 3-h 100-g OGTT with > 2 abnormal glucose values (fasting > 105 mg/dL, 1-h > 190 mg/dL, 2-h > 165 mg/dL, 3-h > 145 mg/dL) |
Fair |
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