Table 3.1. Developers of Quality Indicators and Comparison with AHRQ QIs
| Developer |
Indicators |
Similarities to AHRQ QIs |
Differences from AHRQ QIs |
JCAHO
CMS
HQA |
- Core Measures
- Hospital Quality Indicators
|
|
- Process measures
- Clinical data
- Implemented through licensed vendors
|
| The Leapfrog Group |
|
- National standard
- Some outcomes indicators
|
- Collected through survey
- Mostly structure and process measures
|
| Institute for Healthcare Improvement |
- Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratios
|
- Outcomes indicator (risk-adjusted mortality)
|
- Mortality not condition-specific
- Used in conjunction with specific quality improvement program
|
| States (e.g., PA and CA) |
- PA Health Care Cost Containment Council Hospital Performance Report
Indicators
- CA Healthcare Quality and Analysis Division Indicators
|
- Outcomes indicators
- Administrative data
|
- Uses data elements not available in administrative data in most states
|
| Vendors |
|
- Administrative data
- Some outcomes indicators
|
- Methodology often not transparent
|
Source: RAND analysis of environmental
scan results.
Note: Indicators were judged to be a "national standard" if
they were described that way by any of the study's interviewees.
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